H.R. 1 Resource Implications
H.R. 1: impacts on indian country in new mexico
During the 2025 State Tribal Leaders Summit, Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham directed the Indian Affairs Department (IAD) to share information on how H.R. 1 will affect Nations, Pueblos and Tribes (NPTs) and tribal communities throughout the state of New Mexico.
Tribal Liaisons from other state agencies developed, gathered and shared data and information regarding these implications from H.R. 1. Not all state agencies will be impacted by H.R. 1 so this is list is reflective of that as well as information that is currently available. IAD may have more information to share as we get further into FY26.
For questions or more information please contact the appropriate Tribal Liaison here.
Department of Cultural Affairs (DCA)
Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPOs) are officially designated by a federally recognized Indian Tribe to direct a program approved by the National Park Service (NPS) when the THPO assumes some or all the functions of State Historic Preservation Officers on Tribal lands. This program was made possible by the provisions of Section 101(d)(2) of the National Historic Preservation Act.
New Mexico has 18 THPOS:
- Jicarilla Apache Nation
- Mescalero Apache Tribe
- Navajo Nation
- Pueblo of Cochiti
- Pueblo of Isleta
- Pueblo of Jemez
- Pueblo of Laguna
- Pueblo of Nambe
- Pueblo of Pojoaque
- Pueblo of San Felipe
- Pueblo of San Ildefonso
- Pueblo of Santa Ana
- Pueblo of Santa Clara
- Pueblo of Santo Domingo
- Pueblo of Tesuque
- Pueblo of Zia
- Pueblo of Zuni
THPOs are supported by the Historic Preservation Fund (HPF), administered by the NPS. Congress annually appropriates funds from the HPF that NPS awards to tribes to support both the THPO and the Tribal Heritage Grant Program. From the total appropriation ($23,000,000 for FY25), NPS allots about 10% to fund projects under the Tribal Heritage Grant Program. The remaining funds are divided among the eligible THPOs to support each tribe’s heritage preservation office.
The Notice of Funding Opportunity for Federal Fiscal Year 2025 was released July 1, 2025. The deadline for THPOs to submit their application is August 29, 2025.
Resource Implications of the OBBBB
The Historic Preservation Division does not receive grants to support tribal communities.
Supplemental Information
There is no impact to HPF from the OBBBA because it is not an appropriations bill. However, President Trump’s budget recommends zeroing out HPF funding for THPOs. Continued funding is critical to the support of THPO offices and lack of funding may mean that tribes will not be able to carry out their responsibilities under the National Historic Preservation Act.
As of July 16, 2025, the U.S. House FY26 Interior Appropriations Bill recommends $168.9 million for the HPF (same as FY25). More information on HPF funding for THPO’s can be found at: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/thpo-grants.htm.
Additional Grants from the NPS available to THPOs and Tribes include:
Tribal Heritage Grant Program
Eligible: Federally recognized Indian Tribes
Website: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/tribal-heritage-grants.htm.
Deadline: Usually at the beginning of the calendar year.
Funding: $50,000 – $65,000 depending on project
Save America’s Treasures (SAT)
Eligible: Federally recognized Indian Tribes
Website: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservationfund/save-americas-treasures-grants.htm
Deadline: Early in the calendar year
Funding: $125,000 to $750,000 for collections or $25,000 to $75,000 for preservation projects
Info: National Register properties must have national significance or be a National Historic Landmark. A property that has already received an SAT grant is not eligible.
Paul Bruhn Historic Revitalization Grant Program
Eligible: Open to THPOs.
Funding: $750,000
Deadline: End of the calendar year
Additional grant opportunities can be found on the website for the National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers: https://www.nathpo.org/grant-opportunities/
New Mexico State Library
Data Snapshot (where are we now, and where are we going)
The following communities have recognized tribal libraries funded by the State of New Mexico through the New Mexico State Library. All are eligible for federal grants to libraries.
Library | Pueblo, Tribe, or Nation | County | Legal Service Area Population (LSA) |
Acoma Learning Center | Pueblo of Acoma | Cibola | 2947 |
Pueblo de Cochiti Library | Cochiti Pueblo | Sandoval | 1517 |
Pueblo of Isleta Library | Pueblo of Isleta | Bernalillo | 5000 |
Jemez Pueblo Community Library | Jemez Pueblo | Sandoval | 3859 |
Jicarilla Public Library | Jicarilla Apache Nation | Rio Arriba | 2788 |
Laguna Public Library | Pueblo of Laguna | Cibola | 3985 |
Mescalero Community Library | Mescalero Apache | Otero | 4204 |
Nambé Pueblo Public Library | Nambé Pueblo | Santa Fe | 2026 |
P’oe Tsawa Community Library | Ohkay Owingeh | Rio Arriba | 2900 |
Ojo Encino Community Library | Ojo Encino Chapter, Navajo Nation | McKinley | 222 |
Picuris Pueblo Library | Picuris Pueblo | Taos | 83 |
Pinedale Community Library | Pinedale Chapter, Navajo Nation | McKinley | 944 |
Pueblo of Pojoaque Public Library | Pueblo of Pojoaque | Santa Fe | 2071 |
Pueblo of San Felipe Community Library | Pueblo of San Felipe | Sandoval | 3683 |
Pueblo de San Ildefonso Library | Pueblo of San Ildefonso | Santa Fe | 624 |
Pueblo of Sandia Learning Center | Pueblo of Sandia | Sandoval | 850 |
Santa Ana Pueblo Community Library | Pueblo of Santa Ana | Sandoval | 684 |
Santa Ana Pueblo Tribal Law Library (branch library) | Pueblo of Santa Ana | Sandoval | 684 |
Santa Clara Pueblo Community Library | Santa Clara Pueblo | Rio Arriba | 930 |
Santo Domingo Pueblo Library | Santo Domingo Pueblo | Sandoval | 2311 |
Taos Pueblo Library | Taos Pueblo | Taos | 2698 |
Taytsugeh Oweengeh Library | Taytsugeh Oweengeh | Santa Fe | 301 |
Torreon/Star Lake Chapter Community Library | Torreon/Star Lake Chapter, Navajo Nation | Sandoval | 389 |
Zia Enrichment Library | Zia Pueblo | Sandoval | 923 |
Zuni Public Library | Zuni Pueblo | McKinley | 6176 |
Current federal grants to New Mexico Tribal Libraries include Institute of Museum and Library Services Native American Basic Grants (NAB) and Native American Library Services Enhancement Grants (NAE).
Federal Fiscal Year 2024 Grants (terminated then reinstated)
- Nambe (NAE) – $144,665
- Ohkay Owingeh (NAE) – $130,000
- Santa Clara (NAB) - $10,000
- Tesuque (NAB) - $10,000
- Pojoaque (NAB) - $10,000
- Isleta (NAB) - $10,000
- San Felipe (NAB) - $10,000
Total: $324,665
Federal Fiscal Year 2025 Grants (award letters sent out June 24, 2025. Grants begin August 1; no NAE grants have been awarded)
- Isleta (NAB) – $10,000
- Nambe (NAB) – $10,000
- Ohkay Owingeh (NAB) – $10,000
- Picuris (NAB) – $10,000
- Pojoaque (NAB) - $10,000
- San Felipe (NAB) - $10,000
- Santa Clara (NAB) – $10,000
- Santo Domingo (NAB) - $10,000
- Tesuque (NAB) - $10,000
Total: $90,000
Resource Implications of the OBBBA
OBBBA seeks to eliminate the Institute of Museum and Library Services and its grant programs, meaning loss of access to Native American Basic Grants (NAB) and Native American Library Services Enhancement Grants (NAE) starting in Federal Fiscal Year 2026. This funding is critical to the ongoing support for Tribal Library operations and improvements.
Supplemental information
Additional negative impacts will affect Tribal Libraries, particularly loss of IMLS staff positions, research and data gathering, and overall uncertainty. The most significant impact at this point is the loss of the leadership of the Senior Program Officer of Native American Programs at IMLS. The work this position has done over the past three years has been instrumental in supporting tribal libraries, including communications and relationship building to establish stronger Tribal-federal connections.
New Mexico Arts
Data Snapshot
New Mexico Arts (NMA) receives federal funds every year from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) as part of the NEA’s Partnership Program which is exclusive to state and regional arts agencies across the nation. Federal NEA funds account for approximately 40% of the agency’s total budget and four NMA staff positions are fully funded by NEA money.
The NMA regular grants program funds non-profit arts organizations, local government arts agencies, and public higher-ed & K-12 educational institutions with grants to support public facing arts programming and services in local communities across the state. In addition, the Folk & Traditional Arts Apprentice program is currently fully funded with federal NEA funds.
Resource Implications of the OBBBA
There is no impact to NEA from the OBBBA. However, President Trump’s budget recommends eliminating NEA funding, which would result in a significant reduction in grant funding for the NMA grants program, which typically supports three to five Native/Indigenous focused organizations per year at about $5,000-$6,000 each. In addition, the Folk & Traditional Arts Apprentice Program, supports two to three Native/Indigenous apprentice/master pairs per year.
The loss of federal NEA funds could result in the loss of four staff positions which would have a significant impact on agency operations, impacting all programs, including any state funded programs supporting Native/Indigenous artists, arts organizations, and communities. Federal funding is critical to multiple NMA programs and projects as well as overall operations.
As of July 16, 2025, the House recommends the NEA receive a $135 million appropriation in their version, which is a 35% cut from last year.
Museum of Indian Arts and Culture
Data Snapshot
The Museum of Indian Arts and Culture’s (MIAC) mission and work relate to the care for, and preservation of, Indigenous stories, histories, objects, and cultural patrimony. This work is indirect; there is no direct fiscal relationship to NPTs.
MIAC currently has several federal funding sources that support our work. Those federal funding sources have not been impacted at this time by OBBBA.
- National Archives and Records Administration via congressionally directed spending: $500,000: supports temporary contractors and supplies to process and digitize archives at MIAC, to include some records of archaeology done within Pueblos and Nations of New Mexico. No direct financial support to NPTs or their community members. No change in status.
- Bureau of Indian Affairs non-competitive grant: $89,943: supports staffing to work on BIA collections held at the MIAC Archaeological Research Collections. No direct financial support to NPTs or their community members. No change in status. Impact: moving meetings from in-person to zoom due to BIA staff travel restrictions.
- US Army Corps of Engineers curatorial agreement fixed contract: $20,000/annually through 2030: supports staffing to work on USACE collections held at the MIAC Archaeological Research Collections. No direct financial support to NPTs or their community members. No change in status.
- Bureau of Land Management non-competitive grant: $28,000: supports staffing to work on BLM collections held at the MIAC Archaeological Research Collections. No direct financial support to NPTs or their community members. No change in status.
- National Park Service NAGPRA Program competitive grant: $100,000: supports NAGPRA compliance work. No direct financial support to NPTs or their community members. No change in status.
Department of Information Technology (DoIT)
DoIT and OCS have six areas of potential collaboration with NPTs in NM.
Interoperable Public Safety Radio Communications
The State’s public safety radio communication network provides interoperable radio communications among state, local, tribal and federal agencies. Subscribers gain access to a suite of systems and services including the NM Digital Trunked Radio System (DTRS) as well as local base, remote base, multi-channel console, mobile radio, and portable radio. Currently four pueblos in NM are on the DTRS, and three are exploring opportunities to use the system and share infrastructure.
Cybersecurity Response
The OCS offers cyber incident response and mitigation services for any tribal entity through both contracted and in-agency resources. These services are currently funded entirely by state dollars. To date, no tribal entity has requested OCS incident response services. OCS does not have data on whether that is a consequence of lack of incidents or availability of other mitigation/response resources being available to tribal entities.
Cyber Risk Management and Awareness Services
The OCS offers cyber risk management services, including general threat intelligence, attack surface management, and cyber risk awareness training, to tribal entities through the federally funded State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program (SLCGP). All NPT’s in NM are eligible for these services. OCS will open the year three application period in FY26. SLCGP funds are not immediately at risk from the OBBBA; however, SLCGP funding rounds end in two years and the OBBBA did not include any replacement funding for these essential services. Currently two pueblos in NM are taking advantage of state and federally sponsored grants funding these services.
Cyber Risk Intelligence
Tribal entities previously received federally funded cyber-risk intelligence services through the Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISCAC) at no cost to the entity. Federal funding for these services was terminated recently by executive action and funding was not Congressionally extended in the OBBBA. MS-ISCAC has informed customers that it is transitioning to a pay-for-service model. Thus, OCS expects those tribal entities that no longer have federal support from MS-ISCAC may seek OCS managed services.
Cybersecurity Planning
The OCS supports the Cybersecurity Advisory Committee and the Cybersecurity Planning Committee, which develop cyber security policy and approve SLCGP projects for all public sector entities, including tribal. Tribal representatives participate on both committees and advocate for tribal communities. OCS support for these committees is not federally funded and not at risk from the OBBBA.
Geospatial Information Systems and Data Coordination
DoIT hosts the Geospatial Advisory Committee (GAC) as a forum for state, local, tribal, federal, and private entities to coordinate and advise on geospatial information and technologies. Most of NM’s NPT’s have at least one professional working with geographic information systems, and these often rely on data, mapping tools, and/or licensing provided by federal agencies such as the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and Indian Health Services (IHS). The GAC Tribal Subcommittee mailing list includes 76 geospatial specialists, most representing tribal entities. One member is the Regional Geospatial Coordinator for the BIA, representing NM.
Resource Implications of the OBBBA
For OCS, current appropriations will not be impacted by the OBBBA. However, the lack of future federal funding in the OBBBA will necessitate state funding, subject to budget priorities. Absent make-up funding, OCS will need to limit or terminate essential cyber services in FY27 and beyond.
Federal funding for MS-ISCAC services was terminated recently by executive action and funding was not Congressionally extended in the OBBBA. MS-ISCAC has informed customers that it is transitioning to a pay-for-service model. OCS does not know the extent of the impact to NPT’s but more local attention and investment will be required to maintain cyber risk intelligence.
After expiration of the current SLCGP funding, any continued or expanded OCS services for tribal entities would need to be generally funded.
The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has experienced significant shrinkage in its cyber threat detection, analysis and notification capabilities under the current administration. Local CISA representatives and other CISA supported cyber-services remain available.
The Cybersecurity Advisory and Planning Committees have not evaluated the impact of OBBBA on target priorities of the Cybersecurity posture for NM. Funding constraints are a significant cyber risk factor that will require the Advisory Committee to adjust cyber directives downward to account for funding scarcity.
The Geospatial Advisory Committee has not yet taken up the topic of OBBBA’s potential impact on NPT’s. This has been added as a priority to ask at the next meeting. At a Tribal GIS conference in April 2025, the impacts from federal changes were not yet well understood. Because of the fiduciary responsibilities of the BIA to NPT’s, the hope was that impacts would be minimal, but that if there were any, the GIS programs might be one of the first to be minimized or cut. If the BIA discontinues their licensing program for NPTs, the NM911 Program (Dept of Finance and Administration, Local Government Division) is one possible source of licensing to ensure the tribal GIS functions related to emergency response could continue.
Supplemental Information
There is a national non-profit, the National Tribal Geographic Information Support Center (https://tribalgis.com) which can be a resource for tribal GIS professionals needing a broader, non-federal community of support.
The state Geospatial Information Officer has solicited input from other states and tribal representatives (via the National States Geographic Information Council -NSGIC – and the National Tribal Geographic Information Support Center – NTGISC) on potential impacts of changes in federal government programs and will continue to report findings back to the IAD as information is gathered.
Department of Workforce Solutions (DWS)
The Fiscal Year 2025 Budget Reconciliation Act did not have any major impacts on workforce funding or programming to the Department of Workforce Solutions or to Nations,Pueblos and Tribes (NPTs).
NPTs receive their funding directly from the US Department of Labor. The larger concerns for funding are in the Fiscal Year 2025 budget, which is still working its way through Congress.
See below for possible impacts on Nations, Pueblos and Tribes.
“MASA” and the 2026 Federal Budget
The current version of the US Department of Labor’s Fiscal Year 2026 federal budget replaces the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) with “Make America Skilled Again” (MASA). MASA combines 11 WIOA programs, including $60 million for “Indian and Native American Programs,” and cuts the combined funding by 29%. MASA replaces these programs with grants to the states “to provide financial assistance to States, territories, and Tribes to support a wide range of workforce development, training, and related activities in an effort to help States and local communities respond to their workforce needs and support their economic development goals. Grants will have a minimum 10 percent expenditure on registered apprenticeship activities.” DWS is working with the federal congressional delegation and the National Association of State Workforce Agencies to oppose the cuts and changes.
Federal Layoffs
New Mexico has seen federal layoffs from a wide range of agencies, resulting in 344 unemployment claims since February 1, 2025. Based solely on claims data, the Department of Interior has had the most terminations, resulting in 112 unemployment claims, of which 64 are from former employees of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. DWS has a variety of resources for federal workers, available at www.workfornm.com.
AmeriCorps
The US Department of Labor terminated the grant agreements for approximately two-thirds of the AmeriCorps State Programs. Terminations included grants for the Ancestral Lands Conservation Corps and the NACA-Inspired Schools Network. The proposed FY26 federal budget includes the elimination of the Corporation for National and Community Service, which operates AmeriCorps, along with a proposed $1.26 billion funding cut. DWS is working closely with all programs to identify alternative funding and to strategize for the future.
Navigator Program
The US Department of Labor terminated the DWS grant agreement for the Connect You navigator program, which provides training on and connection to unemployment and employment services. DWS held the first of a series of sessions for tribes, pueblos and nations on April 15th. DWS is identifying funding to ensure continuation of the Connect Your program, despite the funding cut.
Early Childhood Education & Care Department (ECECD)
Current Tribal Allocations:
Fund: NM PreK- State Funded
Total PreK funds awarded for FY26: $4,103,610.00
Purpose: The New Mexico Early Childhood Education and Care Department (ECECD) administers the New Mexico Prekindergarten (NM PreK) program, a high-quality program that is available to all families residing in New Mexico with eligible 3- and 4-year-old children regardless of income. The NM PreK program provides voluntary, quality PreK to support children’s development and school readiness. PreK program funding is awarded to eligible providers, including tribal, licensed child care centers, licensed child care homes, Head Start, school districts, and/or charter schools through this competitive grant opportunity. ECECD monitors the eligible providers granted awards for compliance with the NM PreK Standards. Pursuant to NMSA 1978, § 9-29-8(B), ECECD is mandated to “coordinate and align an early childhood education and care system to:
- Include child care, pre-kindergarten, early pre-kindergarten, home visitation, Early Head Start, Head Start, early childhood special education and early intervention and family support; and
- Provide New Mexico families with consistent access to appropriate care and education services.” The NM PreK program is a key part of the state’s early childhood education and care system, providing high quality, voluntary PreK experiences to preschool-aged children regardless of income. ECECD is seeking applications from certain eligible providers (set forth above) to renew, expand, or create new PreK slots and classrooms statewide, especially in designated areas of the state where there is a lack of high-quality PreK for children and families.
ECECD awards PreK Grants for up to four years contingent upon available funding and the grantees continued compliance with the NM PreK standards. If an eligible applicant applies for and is awarded an expansion grant, its existing award will be amended, and the expansion will have the same terms as the eligible applicant’s existing award. NM PreK is currently funding 479 tribal slots. Below is the breakdown of the funded slots for Tribal programs including the program, number of slots, program option and total amount of funding they have been awarded.
Opportunities for dual slots use (e.g., Head Start vs. NM Pre-K per-child rate differentials):
Tribal programs are eligible to apply for NM PreK to provide NM PreK and receive the full rate per slot based on the program option selected or can apply as part of their Head Start.
Health Care Authority (HCA)
Impacts of One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) on native American members
Total Native Americans on MAGI Adult = 38,869* (15.6% are Native American)
Retroactive coverage reduced from 3 months to 1 month, effective 12/31/25
- Approx. 291 MAGI Adult Native Americans will lose 2 months of retroactive coverage
- Approx. 223 MAGI Adult Native Americans will lose 1 month of retroactive coverage
- Approx. 356 Other Adult Group/OAG Native Americans will lose 1 month of retroactive coverage (alternative benefits plan coverage)
Native Americans/Alaska Natives are exempt from
- Medicaid community engagement (work) requirements
- SNAP work requirements
- Medicaid cost sharing or any new cost sharing
- Medicaid change to new 6-month renewal cycle
Additional Medicaid covered services
- Four Walls – Indian Health Service (IHS) and Tribal clinics in New Mexico may provide Medicaid clinic services beyond the physical clinic site, including in homes, schools, and other appropriate community locations, helping vulnerable Native Americans get care when and where they need it most.
- Chiropractic Services – Effective October 1, 2024, MCOs will allow and reimburse chiropractic services for all adults enrolled in managed care who have a primary diagnosis of neck pain, back pain, musculoskeletal pain or headaches. Limitations: Annual benefit limit of $2,000.
- Telehealth Allowance – Retroactive to July 1, 2024, telehealth visits, including telephone visits, will continue to be allowed as they have been during the PHE, including in a member’s home. This flexibility ends September 30, 2025. Behavioral/mental health services can permanently be delivered using audio-only communication platforms. (LOD #44-2)
- Medical Respite Services – Effective June 1, 2025, added coverage for medical respite services as a reimbursable benefit for post-acute, recuperative care including room and board for individuals experiencing homelessness with the goal of improving health, reducing readmissions, and reducing costs. Medical respite is for Medicaid members who are homeless and who are too ill to recover from sickness or injury on the street or in a shelter. (LOD #56)
- Community Benefit (CB) Medically Tailored Home Delivered Meals – Effective July 1, 2025, supports vulnerable, home-bound CB members. Includes up to two home delivered, medically tailored meals per day, designed by a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to meet the unique nutritional requirements of members with various health conditions. (LOD #57)
- Rural Health Care Delivery Fund – has $20 million available for rural health care providers across the state. For more information on the FY26-28 Rural Health Care Delivery Fund and how to apply, please visit www.hca.nm.gov/primary-care-council/
- Use the Medicaid Eligibility Dashboard to pull Medicaid enrollment data at www.hca.nm.gov/medicaid-eligibility-reports/
Traditional Health Care Practices (THCP)
- THCP workgroup meets biweekly: traditional healers, Navajo Area, other stakeholders
- Kauffman and Associates (contractor with all-Native staff) assisting in benefit design and implementation.
- Navajo Nation is currently the only tribe participating in this 1115 Demonstration Waiver.
- Planned effective date (AZ and NM) October, 2025.
Albuquerque Area IHS/CMS Training
August 20-21, 2025
Sheraton Albuquerque Airport Hotel
2910 Yale Blvd SE Albuquerque, NM 87106
*Registration Is open to anyone, but of special interest to Tribes and Tribal programs in the ALBUQUERQUE IHS Area
The target audience for the CMS ITU trainings is:
- Business Office staff
- Benefits Coordinators
- Patient Registration staff
- Billing and Coding staff
Topics at a glance:
- CMS Tribal Affairs Updates
- Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security
- Coding, Billing and much more
REGISTRATION: https://cvent.me/A7LGGb
Program contact information:
Stacey Steiner
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
(469) 904-1068
Beverly Lofton
CMS Division of Tribal Affairs/CAHPG/CMCS
(443) 844-2413
Quarterly Native American Technical Advisory Committee (NATAC)
Meeting Dates:
September 15, 2025, 1:00-4:00 p.m.
To view previous NATAC meeting minutes, see the NATAC web page.
14 Participating Tribes
- Pueblo of Nambe
- Ohkay Owingeh
- Pueblo of Picuris
- Pueblo of San Felipe
- Pueblo of San Ildefonso
- Pueblo of Santa Clara
- Zuni Pueblo
- Pueblo of Taos
- Navajo Nation
- Ft. Sill Apache Tribe
- Jicarilla Apache Nation
- Mescalero Apache Tribe
- Santo Domingo Pueblo
- Laguna Pueblo
SNAP – Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
The OBBBA impacts which specifically affect Native American SNAP participants would be the inclusion of a new exemption for Able-Bodied Adult Work Requirements within Section 10102:
- A new exemption for individuals who are:
- Indians
- Urban Indians
- Both Indians and Urban Indians are defined in paragraphs 13 and 28 of Section 4 of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act
- California Indians
- Defined in Section 809(a) of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act
- Other Indians who are eligible for Indian Health Services.
Overall, the new exemption would allow Native American SNAP participants who are Able-Bodied Adults to be determined as being exempt from the Able-Bodied Adult Work Requirements. We are still awaiting FNS guidance of when this exemption will be implemented.
We asked the Economist/Supervisor from HCA/ISD for some data on SNAP/LIHEAP/TANF and here is what he sent us:
The estimates of the number of recipients of SNAP, LIHEAP and TANF are computed based on June-2025 HCA data and May-2025 MSR.
Estimating Impacts of the OBBBA Legislation on Benefits for Native Americans in New Mexico
Monthly Estimates (6/1/2025) | SNAP | LIHEAP | TANF |
Current # of Recipients | 77,482 | 9,724 | 1,848 |
Extimated # of Households | 41,126 | 21,685 | 715 |
Current Expenditures | $13,677,925 | $5,551,237 | $288,049 |
Estimated 21% Reducation on SNAP LIHEAP & TANF | |||
Estimated # of Recipients is expected to drop to | 61,211 | 7,682 | 1,460 |
Estimated # of Households is Expected to Drop to | 32,489 | 17,131 | 565 |
Estimated Expenditures is Expected to Lower to | $10,805,561 | $4,385,477 | $227,559 |
Note:
- SNAP expenditure/case is $333, Recipients/Case is 1.88 (May-2025 MSR).
- LIHEAP Expenditure/Case is $256, Recipient/Case is 2.23 (May-2025 MSR).
- TANF Expenditure/Case is $403, Recipient/Case is 2.59 (May-2025 MSR).
Source: HCA June-2025 data and May-2025 Monthly Statistical Report.
New Mexico Corrections Department (NMCD)
Anticipated impacts of the H.R. 1 OBBA on the New Mexico Corrections Department:
Approximately 11% of the 5,869 persons currently in the custody of the NMCD and incarcerated in its facilities are Native American.
The NMCD does not anticipate any impact from this bill to staffing, or the regular operations of facilities and offices throughout the state of New Mexico, that would affect inmates, including the Native American population.
Federal grants have been awarded to the New Mexico Corrections Department for educational purposes. These educational programs are for all inmates who meet the criterion, which includes Native Americans who participate. Decisions by the U.S. Department of Education may affect one of these grants.
- $78, 496.65 has already been awarded in 2025-2026 for Title 1, Part D, Sub Part 1. This is applicable to students under age 21 for Prevention and Intervention Programs for Children and Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, or At-Risk.
- $18,798.00 has already been awarded in 2025-2026 for IDEA (The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), which provides help for students under age 22 with Special Education Services.
- The NMCD has been awarded an AEFLA (Adult Education Family Literacy Act) grant beginning July 1, 2025, through June 30, 2029. $504,469.84 has been allocated for 2025-2026. These funds are for students participating in Adult Education, not including post-secondary, college, or university studies. This grant is currently on hold per the U.S. Department of Education.
Department of Transportation (NMDOT)
The New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) does not anticipate any immediate implications from this bill to staffing or operations of district and general facilities or patrol offices, across the state of New Mexico, that would affect Nations, Pueblos and Tribes (NPTs).
NMDOT receives multiple Federal grants secured through the $1.2 trillion, 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). These funds are not affected by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) and have been continually administered by the department to eligible local entities, including NPTs. The following are federal programs administered through NMDOT, via BIL:
- Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP)
- Transportation Alternatives Programs (TAP)
- Recreational Trails Program (RTP)
- Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ)
- Carbon Reduction Program (CRP)
The Department continues to maintain dialogue with NPTs to provide resources, technical assistance and support with their tribal transportation goals and projects. NMDOT actively engages with our tribal communities throughout the year in preparation for the legislative session, to include conversations surrounding reauthorization of capital outlay funding, allowing for more tribal entities to be successful with their projects.
In partnership with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Southwest Region, it is acknowledged through the Department of Interior that federal layoffs have negatively impacted our regional office staffing, resulting in an extended turnaround time for project reviews and correspondence. NMDOT will continue engaging with BIA staff to ensure transparency is maintained with the state’s tribal transportation programs and initiatives.
For more information on funding opportunities and tribal resources, please review our Tribal/Local Public Agency (T/LPA) Funding Resources page. Also review these additional resources for NPTs to stay engaged with NMDOT:
Multimodal Planning and Programs Bureau | NMDOT
Cultural Resources Section | NMDOT
NMDOT Tribal Consultation Web Portal
T/LPA Documents and Information | NMDOT
NMDOT Funding Source Directory_FINAL.pdf
Project Oversight Division | NMDOT
Research and Climate Bureau | NMDOT
Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) | NMDOT
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Tribal Transportation | FHWA
Tribal Technical Assistance Program (TTAP) | FHWA
Tribal Transportation Program (TTP) Bridge Program | FHWA
Tribal Transportation Program Safety Fund (TTPSF) | FHWA
Transportation Funding Opportunities for Tribal Nations (2022-2026)
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Southwest Region | Indian Affairs
Department of Veterans Services (DVS)
Native American Veteran Population in New Mexico Data, 2024.
RACE | TOTAL | % of Population |
White | 80,559 | 57% |
Hispanic | 43,905 | 31% |
Native American | 7,677 | 5% |
African American | 6,326 | 4.5% |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 1,048 | <1% |
Other | 2,231 | <1% |
TOTAL | 141,746 |
DVS Assessment Conducted: The evaluation identified potential impacts to both direct and indirect federally funded activities. The assessment highlights areas of concern that may affect program implementation, service delivery, and resource accessibility for Native American veterans across tribal communities.
Federal Veterans Healthcare: Current and proposed reductions in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) personnel present a potential risk to timely healthcare delivery for Native American Veterans in New Mexico. The full extent of these workforce impacts is currently under assessment, and the potential disruption to services remains uncertain.
Federal Transportation Grants: Potential changes to federal transportation grant programs may significantly affect funding availability, posing a serious risk to healthcare access for Native American veterans residing in rural areas across Nations, Pueblos, and Tribes. Reliable transportation is a critical link to care, especially for rural and tribal communities
Federally funded Veteran Business Outreach Centers (VBOC): Potential cuts to VBOC and the associated Native American veteran initiatives—such as Boots to Business on Native Grounds and the Entrepreneurial Bootcamp for Native American Veterans—may significantly diminish support for Native American veteran entrepreneurs. These reductions could hinder access to training, mentorship, and resources vital for launching and growing veteran-owned businesses in tribal communities.
DVS Assessment Conducted: The evaluation revealed key implications for Native American veterans, highlighting areas of potential impact related to healthcare access, economic support, and federal service delivery. Findings underscore the importance of culturally responsive solutions and targeted policy engagement to address emerging challenges.
Health & Social Services: Elderly and low-income Native American veterans may face reduced support due to proposed cost-cutting measures affecting Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Medicaid programs.
Agriculture & Sustainability: Potential changes to federal agricultural policy may negatively impact farming practices and resources vital to tribal communities.
Education Access & Affordability:
- Increased GI Bill Reliance: As federal loan options become more restrictive, veterans may increasingly depend on GI Bill benefits to finance their education.
- Federally funded programs such as Upward Bound and campus-based support services may face budget reductions or elimination, threatening access to educational advancement.
Veteran Workforce Development: Proposed changes may affect federally supported initiatives aimed at equipping Native American veterans with specialized education and employment resources.
- New Mexico Department of Workforce Solutions (NMDWS) programs may play a vital role in bridging the gap left by reductions in federal funding. By expanding access to employment training, job placement services, and educational resources, NMDWS initiatives can help sustain workforce development efforts—particularly in underserved and tribal communities.
Energy Policy Shifts: Revival of domestic oil, gas, and coal development may lead to environmental and cultural impacts on tribal lands; further analysis is needed to understand the implications specific to the region.
Clean Energy Investment Rollbacks: Reversing IRA-funded clean-energy initiatives may limit renewable energy development opportunities, climate resilience efforts, and green infrastructure investments within Native Nations, Pueblos, and Tribes. (Broadband internet infrastructure project)
LGBTQIA+ Health Services: Medicaid restrictions may reduce access to gender-affirming care for Two-Spirit individuals and veterans within tribal communities seeking these services.
- VA Healthcare Services: Proposed changes in current federal legislation eliminate access to gender-affirming medical treatment for transgender veterans within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. This includes surgical procedures and related services. Native American transgender veterans—particularly those living in tribal and rural areas—may be disproportionately affected due to existing healthcare access barriers and limited local alternatives, compounding the impact on continuity of care and equitable treatment.
Office of Broadband Access and Expansion (OBAE)
PINON Grant: Promoting Internet Needs of New Mexicans
Last year, Congress failed to extend the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), which offered 23 million eligible households a $30-per-month voucher to help pay for internet service and up to $70 on Tribal lands. This previous action increased the strain on low-income households in Indian Country where families are now forced to choose between paying for internet and other household necessities. In its multiple changes to SNAP, OBBBA completely removes internet service costs as an eligible deduction. Now that OBBBA is law, the essential cost of an internet connection cannot factor into a household’s eligibility for SNAP benefits.
Although it is not a result of the OBBBA, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has cancelled all $5 Billion in funding for the Digital Equity Act under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021. NTIA allocated $8.6M to OBAE to award eligible entities who want to be a part of an initiative that bridges the digital divide. The PINON Grant had planned to offer monetary awards ranging from $25,000 – $50,000 to support subgrantees in enhancing their digital opportunity programs tailored for populations that are particularly vulnerable to digital exclusion.
- (Federal Action) On 5/9/25, OBAE received an official letter from the United States Department of Commerce and the National Institute of Standards and Technology informing us that they were ceasing the funding for the State Digital Equity Planning and Capacity Grant. This directly impacts the $8.6M PINON grant that OBAE administers.
- (NM Response) OBAE is working with the Governor’s Office and the Attorney General’s Office to determine how to proceed. Currently, OBAE does not anticipate that the State will undertake litigation against NTIA in this matter.
- (Impact to NM Tribes) Of the 39 grant applications received, 14 included planned activities/collaborations with Nations, Pueblos and Tribes, though their applications did not include letters of Tribal consent.
- OBAE’s plan was to discover if those applications had Tribal consent during the curing process. However, we were in the middle of determining the eligibility of the applications received and performing the initial score process when we received official notice from the United States Department of Commerce and the National Institute of Standards and Technology informing us that they were ceasing the funding for the State Digital Equity Planning and Capacity Grant.
- Three tribal entities directly submitted applications, two being on behalf of Navajo Nation:
- Navajo Nation: $287,370 (Alliance for Navajo Broadband)
- $209,014 (Ke’Yah Advanced Rural Manufacturing Alliance)
- San Ildefonso Pueblo: $499,892.14 (San Ildefonso Services)
- Navajo Nation: $287,370 (Alliance for Navajo Broadband)
(OBAE Message/Tracking) The Digital Equity Federal Program Officer has discontinued regular communication with our PINON Program Coordinator. If/when there are any updates, OBAE will keep the leadership informed if further federal action/communication is received.
Taxation and Revenue
There are not tax benefits that will occur from the bill that will have a positive impact on tribes other than perhaps slight positive impacts as it relates to coal for the Navajo Nation and oil and natural gas for Jicarilla Apache Nation and Ute Mountain.
The addition of over $4 trillion to the national debt over ten years will further erode available federal dollars to tribes and pueblos in New Mexico.
Tribal Self Reliance: The tribal tax base has increased every year increasing from $29.1 million in CY 2023 to $38.3 million in CY 2024. Though there has not been an increase for every tribe in a year-over year, the overall growth assists in self sufficiency and future cuts.
Gross Receipts Distribution: CY 2024 |
|
19 Pueblos District |
$ 10,520,750.80 |
Acoma Pueblo |
$ 766,918.88 |
Cochiti Pueblo |
$ 276,061.11 |
Jemez Pueblo |
$ 504,658.32 |
Jicarilla Apache Nation |
$ 2,376,519.04 |
Laguna Pueblo |
NR |
Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo |
$ 3,475,700.89 |
Picuris Pueblo |
$ 419,463.78 |
Pojoaque Pueblo |
$ 2,697,407.34 |
Pueblo of Nambe |
$ 534,201.23 |
San Ildefonso Pueblo |
$ 2,057,986.09 |
Sandia Pueblo* |
$ 919,660.64 |
Santa Ana Pueblo* |
$ 1,127,542.34 |
Santa Clara Pueblo* |
$ 4,518,649.38 |
Santo Domingo Pueblo |
$ 769,563.53 |
SF Indian School |
$ 332,018.29 |
Taos Pueblo |
$ 1,740,156.42 |
Tesuque Pueblo |
$ 1,775,047.07 |
Zia Pueblo |
$ 461,410.30 |
Zuni Pueblo |
$ 1,428,741.61 |
Grand Total |
$ 38,311,677.63 |